Wide Area Workflow
The DoD system contractors use to submit invoices, receiving reports, and other payment documents electronically, accessed through the PIEE portal. It's formally known as Invoicing, Receipt, Acceptance, and Property Transfer (iRAPT), though most people still call it WAWF. Most DoD contracts require electronic invoicing through it, and invoices routed to the wrong document type or office are a common cause of payment delays.
Related terms
CAGE Code (Commercial and Government Entity Code)
A five-character alphanumeric code assigned by the Defense Logistics Agency that uniquely identifies a specific business or government entity at a specific physical location. A CAGE Code is required to do business with the federal government and is issued automatically, at no cost, as part of SAM.gov registration; foreign entities receive an equivalent NCAGE Code.
DUNS Number (Data Universal Numbering System)
A nine-digit numeric identifier issued by Dun & Bradstreet that the federal government once required for SAM.gov registration and contract award. The Data Universal Numbering System was retired as the federal standard on April 4, 2022, replaced by the government's own 12-character Unique Entity Identifier (UEI), ending reliance on a third-party provider.
Federal Procurement Data System
FPDSThe government's central database of federal contract actions, recording who won each award, the agency, the dollar value, the contract type, NAICS and PSC codes, and whether a set-aside applied. FPDS data feeds public sites like USAspending.gov and SAM.gov. BD teams use it to research incumbents, track agency spending patterns, find recompete timing, and size up competitors, keeping in mind that data entry errors are common.
Group Purchasing Organization
GPOAn organization that pools the purchasing volume of many member entities, such as hospitals, schools, or other institutions, to negotiate lower prices and better terms with suppliers on their combined behalf. In markets like healthcare and facilities, GovCon vendors may sell through, or compete against, GPO-negotiated agreements rather than through a direct federal solicitation.
Identity, Credential, and Access Management
ICAMThe combined set of federal policies, processes, and technologies used to verify who a person or system is, issue and manage the credentials that prove it (such as PIV cards), and control what systems, data, or facilities they are permitted to access. ICAM underpins zero trust architecture and is a common compliance requirement in federal IT and cybersecurity contracts.
